Means for roasting coffee.



Patented Apr. 8,1902.

E. BOYES.

MEANS FOR ROASTING COFFEE.

(Application med Dec. 15, 1900.)

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(No Model.)

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No. 69H29. Paten'ted Apr. 8, |902. E. BYES.

MEANS FUR RUASTING COFFEE.

(Application filed Dec. 15, 1900.)

(No Model.)

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No. 697,|29. Patented Apr. 8, |902.

E. BOYES.

MEANS FUR RUASTING COFFEE.

myplicmon med me. 15. 19oo.\ (No Model.) 7 Sheets-Shoet 3.

No. 697,|29. Patented Apr. 8, |902. E. BOYES.

` MEANS FOR RDASTING COFFEE.

(Application filed Dec. 15, 1900A No. 59u29. Patented Ap'r'pa; |902.

E. novas. l MEANS- FOR RUASTING COFFEE.

(Application led Dec. 15, 1900.) (No Model.) 7 Sheets-Shee 5.

Patented Apr. 8, |902.

E. BDYES. MEANS FUR HOAS`T|NG COFFEE.

(Application led Dac. l5, l900..

7 Sheets-Sheet 6.

(No Model.)

QN QM m 7 m\ \M \\\U \\\W Patented Apr. 8, |902.

No. 69u29.

E. n,B0YES. MEANS FOR RDASTIN-G COFFEE.

(Application led Dec. 15, 1900.)

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UNrrnn STATES ATENT OFFICE.

EBENEZER BOYES, OF PEOKHAM, ENGLAND.

MEANS FOR ROASTING COFFEE.

CECIFCATION forming part oi' Letters Patent No. 697,129, dated April 8,1902.

Application filed December l5, 1900. Serial No. 39,998. (No model.)

T0 tZZ w/tom/ it may concern:

\ Be it known that I, EBENEZER Borne, Wholesale coffee-dealer, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Albert road, Peckham, in the county of Surrey, England,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Means for Roasting, Torrefying, or Drying Coffee, Cocoa, or other Grain or Seed or other Material, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the drawings hereunto annexed and to the letters marked thereon.

The invention relates to improvements in means for roasting, torrefying, or drying coffee, cocoa, or other grain or seed or other material.

In the roasting of coffee, to which the invention is more especially applicable, a sharp heat is required combined with the stirring about of the berries in such manner that during the operation they are severally exposed for a suitable time to the influence thereof; and the primary object of the present invention is to accomplish this in a more thorough manner and to obtain a better product than heretofore.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side elevation of a machine constructed according to the present invention. Fig. 2 is a rear elevation thereof. Fig. 3 is a plan or top View thereof. Fig. e is a vertical section thereof, taken on the line l l of Fig. 3, but with the cooler and platform removed. Fig. 5 is a front elevation of Fig. 4, partly in section. Fig; 6 is a horizontal section taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a plan of a portion of the drum. Fig. 8 is a section taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a trans` verse section taken on the line 4 4 of Fig. '7. Fig. lO is a plan or face view of the sampling dooll or shutter and connected parts, showing the same in its closed position. Fig. l1 is a transverse section thereof, taken on the line 5 5 of Fig. l0. Fig. l2 is a diagrammatic View showing the sampling door or shutter in its open position and the relative positions of the studs or projections for opening and closing the same. Fig. 13 is an enlarged View of part of Fig. 2, some of the parts being shown in section. Fig. 14 is a sectional view of the burnergas-cock, showing the same in its on postion; and Fig. l5 is a similar view, but showing the cock in its off position.

In the several figures, in which like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference, Figs. et, 5, G, and l2 and 123 are drawn to an increased scale, Figs. 7,A S, l0, ll, 14, and l5 are drawn to a further increased scale, and Fig. 9 is drawn to a still further increased scale with respect to Figs. l, 2, and

a represents a frame or staging, within which is mounted a rocking cooler c, hereinafter more fully referred to, and said staging is provided with a platform a2 for the operator, approached by a ladder ct.

b represents the frame of the roasting-machine, which is mounted upon the top of the staging tt, and CZ represents a casing which incloses the roasting-drum and at its lower part forms a hopper d', terminating in a spout or chute d2, and at its upper part is provided with a chimney cl3 to carry off the products of combustion from the furnace and a hinged door d4 togive access to the interior thereof.

lVithin the casing dV is arranged a closed drum or cylinder e, through which axially thereof and fixed therewith passes a hollow cylinder e' of smallerdiameter, Which is closed at its ends and exteriorly of the drum is provided with axes e2, mounted With capability of revolving in bearings c3, arranged exteriorly of the casing d and carrie-d by the frame l).

Fixed upon one of the axes e2 is a toothed Wheel f, and loosely mounted upon a countershaft g, which is driven through a band-Wheel g from any suitable engine, is a pinion g2,

`which gears with the toothed Wheelfand is,

by means of a clutch g3, actuated by a lever gli, mounted upon an axis of motion g5 and extending to the front of the machine, adapted to be clutched with the shaft g at the times desired, and thus caused to give motion to the drum e. Also gearing with the toothed wheel f is a second pinion 71,2, which is loosely mounted upon a short shaft or stud h, fixed with the frame b, and the pinion h2 has fixed therewith a fly-Wheel or hand-wheel h', provided With a crank-handle h3, by the aid of which the pinion h2, toothed Wheel f, and drum e may be rotated when the pinion g2 is unclutched for the purpose hereinafter described.

ICO

Interiorly of the drum c and radiating from the axial cylinder e' are arranged a number of tapered tubes c4 of a flattened oval or elli ptical section, and these tubes e4 at their smaller ends are fixed with and open into the axial cylinder c and at their other or larger ends pass through and areiixed with the periphery of the drum e. The periphery of the drum e is composed of a number of segmental plates 6*, bolted to the framing of the drum and perforated to receive-the large ends of the tubes e?, which are fixed in position by means of clips or straps e5, embracing the edges of adjacent tubes and the intervening ends of the segmental plates and secured thereto by screws e6. The tapered flattened tubes c4 are arranged in rows in such manner that the tubes of one row are disposed intermediate of those of the next row, so that in the revolution of the drum e the coffee-berries contained therein will be continuously shifted about and turned over and thoroughly exposed to the heat of the fire. In the absence of any controlling means the flattened tubes e4, by reason of their peculiar arrangement, have a tendency to carry the coffee-berries to one side vor end of the drum e, and in order to counteract that tendency a number of angularly-disposed tapered deflecting-plates e7 are arranged in a suitable position Within the drum e and across the same, a row of tubes c4 being omitted to furnish the necessary space therefor.v

The fire, which isarranged Within the hopper part d of the casing beneath the drum e,

preferably consists of a number of Bumsen gas-burners t', arranged beneai h the drum and AVcarried by a. main pipe t" and loop 2 therefrom, .and the pipe t", which is provided With a lever-handle 713, is mounted with capability "of turning in bearings i4 725 and is supplied with gas from a service-pipe 716. That end of the pipe 1l carried by the bearing 5 is formed conical and constitutes thev plug of a cock or valve, and the bearing i5, to Which the service-pipe 6 is'coupled, forms the seat or barrel thereof, and this cock is so arranged that the raising of the lever-handle i3 into the position indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 4 shuts off the supply of gas and the depressing of said lever into the position also indicated by the dotted lines in said figure opens said supply to the burners t', While the supply to the valve 'i5 is controlled by a main cock i7.

In addition to the burners z', located beneath the drum c, other or supplemental burners j are provided at the sides or ends thereof, which may be used as occasion requires, and those burnersj at one side ofthe drum e are supplied by astand-pipej, rising from the cock t5 and controlled thereby, together with the burners 12, While the other side burners j are supplied by a branch ,7'2 from the service-pipe t, controlled by a main cock js, and all of said side burners j are individually controlled by taps or cocksjf, While an opening fitted with a door Z5 is provided Vdeflecting-platei8 tumbles over into the position shown by the dotted lines in said figure, in which position it is supported by a stopplate i, fixed to the pipe t.

The drum e is provided with a door es, closing an opening in the periphery thereof, through which the drum is fed and discharged,- and this door is secured in position by means of guides e9, under which it slides, and turn-` buttons elo, which engage its side edges, While it is provided with a handle en, adapted to be gripped bya tool, such as a pair of tongs, for manipulating the salne.

In order to sample the coffee from time to time, an opening cl2 is provided in the periphery of the drum e,-and said opening is normally covered by a door or shutter cl3, eccentrically mounted upon an axis of motion e14 and provided with a segmental slot el, into which takes a fixed stud c1, which serves to limitl the movements of the door @13. The sampling-door @13 is opened at the required times by means of a stud or projection k, which in the revolution of the drum e engages the rim of the vdoor or shutter cl3 at one side of the axis em and turns it upon said axis .into the position indicated at Fig. 12,v When a IOO smallquantity of coffee is discharged through the uncovered opening cl2, and the door. or shutter cl3 is immediatelyafterward closed by means of a fixed stud 7c*,carried `bythe framing and which in the continued revolution of the drum e engages the rim of the door cl3 on the opposite-side of its axis 614 and closes the same. The relative acting positions of the door or shutter cl3 and studs k lo* will be understood upon reference to the diagram, Fig. 12.

It is only required to occasionally take a sample of coffee during the roasting operation, and in order to enable this to be accomplished the stud' c'is adapted to be thrown into or out of the path of the door or shutter 613 at the will of the operator. For this purpose the stud k is fixed with a bar 7c', which may conveniently consist, as shown, of a length of gas-barrel mounted With capability of longitudinal movement in guide-brackets 7c3, carried by a bar h4, extending across the machine, and at its ends fixed with the frame b, and the bar 7c is held against rotation by means of the returned end 7a2 thereof, which passes through a separate opening in one of said guide-brackets kand the required longitudinal movements are given to the bar 7c to throw the stud 7a into or out of action by IIO means of a lever h5, mounted on a vertical axis 7c, carried by a bracket from lthe fixed bar 7c", and adapted to be fixed iu the required positions by notches formed in the framing l2.

The sample of coffee thrown out at the opening cl2 is received into a fixed hopper Z, which guides it into a sampling tray or drawer m, mounted in a slot Z1 in the frame hwith capability of oscillating` or rocking and sliding within certain limits governed by the slot b and the notches m/ and studs m2, hereinafter referred to, so that the tray or drawer on is adapted to be turned into the inclined position (indicated by the full lines in Fig. 4) in order to receive the sample, which will then slide by gravity to the front of the tray,where access can bc had to it, or into the hanging positicn,(indicated by the dotted lines,) when the unused part of the sample will be discharged into the hopper d.

In order that the tray m may be manipulated in the required mannerand, if desired, rest by gravity in either of its positions, studs m2 are fixed to the frame b at the sides of the slot b and engage long notches or slots min the sides of the tray, and these parts admit of the tray receiving an endway movement by which either end of the tray may be caused lo overbalance the other.

The rocking cooler c consists of a rectangular sieve mounted upon an axis of motion c and by a link or connecting rod c2, coupled with a crank c3, fixed on the end of ashaft c4, mounted with capability of revolution in bearings as and receiving motion through a band wheel or pulley c5, fixed thereon and an endless band or belt c6 from a band wheel or pulley Q6, fixed on the counter-shaft g, by which means a rocking motion is imparted to the cooler c at the times desired. Thecooler c at one end thereof is provided with an opening closed by a sliding door c7, by removing which the finished coffee may be discharged into a bag (not shown) which may be suspended from hooks cs.

In order that the rocking cooler c may be put into and out of action at the times desired-that is to say, put in motion when the coffeeis about to be discharged from the drum c and until the same has cooled and allowed to remain stationary when that is accomplished-the link c2 is at its lower end formed with a hook ci, which engages a laterally-projecting stud ci0 upon a fitting cu, carried by the side of the cooler c, and is locked therewith by a bolt cl2, so that it may be disconnected therefrom at will.

The operation of the machine may be described as follows: The upper door d4 of the casingdis opened. The drum e is by means of the crank-handle h3 of the ffy-wheel h' turned until the door e8 of the drum is in its upper position beneath the opening uncovered by the opening of the door d4. The door e8 of the drum is opened and the charge of coffee to be roasted is filled into the drum. The door eS is then closed, the'lower door d5 of the casing is opened, the gas fire is started, and the loose pinion g2 is by means of the lever g4 clutched withthe power-driven or counter shaft f, and the drum c is thereby slowly 1'0- tated and the heat and products ofcombustion from the fire enter the large ends of the flattened tubes c4 and thence pass into the axial cylinder e and are more or less distributed among the tubes e4, which are for the time being above the axis of the drum e and escape into the upper part of the casing d, whence they are conducted away by the chimney d3. In the rotation of the drum the coffee-berries are turned over and over and shifted about by the tubes e4 and deflecting-plates c7, so that the entire surface of each individual berry is continually'and thoroughly exposed to the heat of the fire. The coffee is sampled from time to time in the manner hereinbefore described by shifting thev lever fc5, and when it is found that in the judgment of the operator the roasting is nearly completed the lever i3 is raised, thereby shutting off the supply to the gas-burners, controlled by the cock f5, and turning the burners /I out of the way, the side burners supplied by the branch j are shut off, the loose pinion q2 is unclutched from the counter or driven shaft g, the door e8 is opened, the drum e is turned by the crank-handle h3 until the doorway is underneath and the coffee, which by this time is completelyT roasted, is discharged into the hopper d' and by the spout d2 delivered into the cooler c, which has been previously coupled with the link c2 and set in motion, the several operations, from the shutting off of the gas to the discharge of the roasted codec into the cooler, occupying` but a few seconds. The rocking motion of the cooler c causes the hot coffee-berries to roll to and fro over the sieve-bottom thereof, by which means the temperature of the coffee is instantaneously lowered and any danger of further cooking is avoided. Vhen the coffee is sufficiently cooled, the link c2 is uncoupled from the cooler c, a bag is attached to the hooks as, the door c"N is opened, the cooler is tilted, and the coffee discharged therefrom into the bag.

By the means hereinbefore described the roasting of coffee is accomplished in a more thorough and efficient manner than heretofore and a much improved product is obtained.

It will be obvious that the apparatus may be usefully employed for roasting or drying other grain or seed or other material.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I'claim isl. In a roasting drying or torrefying apparat us a closed drum mounted with capability of revolution means for heating the same, a closed cylinder arranged axially within the drum, a number of radially-disposed openended and flattened tapered tubes extending IOO IIO

ratus a closed drurn mounted With capability of revolution, means for heating the same, a closed cylinder arranged axially within the drum, a number. of radially-disposed open.- ended flattened tapered tubes extending from the periphery of the drum to the axial cylinder for conducting the heat and products of combustion through the interior thereof said tubes being arranged in rows with the tubes of one rour intermediate of those of the next row, means for rotating the drum and a door for charging and discharging the same substantially as herein'shown and described.

3. In a roasting drying or torrefying apparatus a closed drum mounted with capability of revolution, means for heating the same, a closed cylinder arranged axially within the drum a number of radially-disposed openended flattened tapered tubes extending from the periphery of the drum to the axial cylinder for conducting the heat and products of combustion through the interior thereof said tubes being arranged in rows with the tubes ofone row intermediate of those of the next row, a row of angularly-disposed deflectingplates arranged in the place of one row of tubes, means for rotating'the drum anda door for charging and discharging the same subl stantially as herein shown and described.

4. In a roasting drying or torrefying apparatus a closed drum mounted with capability f of revolution, means for rotating the drum, a door for charging and discharging the same, a fire -consisting of a number of Bunsen burners arranged beneath the drum and carried by a pipe mounted with capability of tu rningin bearings and at one end closed and at the other end formed as one part ofa cock the other part being iixed to the supply-pipe the cock being so constructed that the rotation of the burners in one or the other direction opens or closes the gas-supply, means for turning the burners and a hinged deflectingplate carried by the burner-pipe for tumbling over the burners in their turned-out position and directing the coffee discharged from the door of the'drum into the required channel substantially as herein shown and described.

5. In a roasting drying or torrefying apparatus a closed drum mounted with capability ,of revolution, means for rotating the drum, a

door for charging and discharging the same means for heating the drum, a sampling-door on the periphery of, the drum consisting of an eccentrically-mounted disk, a projection adapted to be brought into the path of the disk on one side of Ithe axis of the disk to open it and a fixed projection adapted to engage the disk on the opposite side of said axis to close it and means for receiving the discharged sample substantially asherein shown and described.

6. In a roasting, drying or torrefying apparatus,.the combination of a rotating drum, a

burner-pipe rotatably mounted beneath thel drum, burners upon the burner-pipe, means rotating the burner-pipe to throw the burners away from the drum, and means operated to cover the burner When the burner-pipe is rotated.

EBENEZER BOYES.

Witnesses:

C. MELBOURNE WHITE, C. H. WHITE. 

